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養豬百科|李氏桿菌病

來源:m.boolounge.com 發布時間:2021/10/26 10:08:46

李氏桿菌病是多種畜、禽、野生動物和人共患的傳染病。豬患此病較明顯的癥狀是中樞神經系統機能障礙。


病原:

為單核細胞增多性李氏桿菌,在外界環境中能長期生存,在尸體中可存活4—8個月。2%的火堿、10%的石灰乳能在10分鐘內殺死桿菌。目前已知有四個血清型。


流行特點:

本病的易感動物廣泛,自然感染以綿羊、豬和家兔較多,牛和山羊次之。本病多發于早春、秋、冬或氣候突變的時節,常呈散發或地方性流行。不同年齡的豬都可感染,但仔豬最易感。

臨床癥狀:

本病的潛伏期為數天到2—3周。病豬的臨床癥狀差異很大,仔豬患病多為急性,部分病例表現為敗血癥,此外,尚呈現小葉性肺炎。部分病例呈現腦脊髓炎癥狀。如運動失調、轉圈、角弓反張,前肢僵直,后驅麻痹,1—2日內死亡。成豬患病多為慢性型。表現為長期不食,消瘦、貧血、步態不穩、肌肉顫抖、體溫低,病程拖延2—3周。孕豬常流產。有的在身體各部位形成膿腫。病豬多能痊愈,但成為帶菌豬。該病應與豬偽狂犬病相鑒別。豬偽狂犬病的典型癥狀是體溫升高,流鼻汁,但神經癥狀少見。用肝、脾病料接種家兔,2—3天后,接種部位出現奇癢。而李氏桿菌病取病料染色,可見李氏桿菌。


防治措施:

加強環境衛生消毒,對病豬進行隔離和治療。常用抗菌素和磺胺類藥物治療,但青霉素治療效果不佳。有條件的可采取福爾馬林滅活苗進行免疫接種。

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